Iran nuclear accord at hand

VIENNA – Diplomats from Iran and six world powers completed what may be their final negotiating session after two years of talks Sunday, amid signs that a comprehensive deal to keep Iran from building a nuclear bomb for at least a decade will be announced today.

After 16 days of bargaining, top officials from the United States and five other world powers that have been negotiating with Iran met Sunday evening for a working dinner that lasted just over three hours. Before the meeting, diplomats said the foreign ministers were aiming to nail down the precise language of the agreement and of the United Nations Security Council resolution that will lay out its terms.

The head of Iran’s nuclear agency, Ali Akbar Salehi, was quoted by an Iranian news agency as saying “technical discussions are almost over, and the text regarding the technical issues with their annexes is almost finished.”

Earlier in the day, diplomats said if negotiators completed their work here, the lengthy final text of the deal would be sent to Washington and Tehran for a final review, with the expectation the terms would be publicly revealed today unless the talks hit a snag.

“We are working hard, but a deal tonight is simply logistically impossible,” said Alireza Miryousefi, a senior Iranian official at the talks. “This is a 100-page document, after all.”

But although the comments from all sides were optimistic throughout the day, the nuclear negotiations have hit last-minute roadblocks in the past, and officials from both the U.S. and Iran cautioned that a deal was not yet certain.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius both stressed in public comments earlier Sunday that difficult decisions remained. Fabius described Sunday’s meetings as the “final stage” of talks.

Negotiators have failed to meet two deadlines in this round of talks and are facing a third deadline tonight. If a deal is not reached, Kerry would be under strong political pressure to call at least a temporary halt in the negotiations.

If a deal is reached, Congress would have 60 days to review it. The Republican majorities in both houses virtually guarantee that a resolution disapproving the deal will pass, probably in September. President Barack Obama would be certain to veto any such move, and vote counters don’t think Congress would have the votes to override a veto. That means the deal would take effect and probably become a significant issue in the 2016 elections, with nearly all the Republican presidential hopefuls pledging to overturn it if elected.

Iran, the United States, France, Britain, Germany, Russia and China have spent almost two years trying to work out a deal that would lift sanctions on Iran if it agrees to restrictions intended to prevent it from obtaining a nuclear bomb for 10 to 15 years. Such a deal could resolve, at least for the next decade or more, one of the world’s most worrisome security issues and could bring far-reaching changes in the Middle East.

In April, the negotiators, meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland, reached a preliminary agreement. Under it, Iran would mothball two-thirds of its newer high-speed centrifuges that enrich uranium, going from 19,000 devices to 6,104 older machines. It would reduce its stockpile of low-enriched uranium from 7,154 kilograms to 300 kilograms and not build any new facilities for enrichment for 15 years.

Those limits, plus inspections to prevent Iran from using new, covert nuclear sites, would greatly restrain its ability to complete a bomb for at least a decade, U.S. and European officials said.

Iran would be allowed to continue to enrich fuel, but only to a level useful for a commercial nuclear reactor producing electricity. It would be required to convert a reactor in Arak that was designed to produce plutonium, which can be used to fuel a nuclear bomb.

In return, the U.S. and the other world powers would lift many of the economic sanctions that have choked Iran’s economy.

With those issues largely resolved, the final round of negotiations has focused on a few of the most difficult issues – what access international inspectors would have to Iran’s suspected nuclear sites, how quickly sanctions would be lifted and what procedures would be used to “snap back” sanctions if the U.S. and other countries decided Iran was cheating.

Iran also insisted the international embargo on its arms purchases be lifted.

Even as they hashed out those issues, however, each side accused the other of trying to reopen issues that had been agreed upon earlier.

The negotiators are believed to have settled on a process under which international inspectors will be able to obtain rapid, although not immediate, access to Iranian nuclear sites if they believe cheating has taken place.

With those difficult issues under discussion, the process has often seemed close to a successful conclusion – and often close to collapse – in the past week. There were many indications Sunday the process had swung back toward obtaining a deal.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, who has preferred to keep a distance from the laborious negotiations until decisions were needed, arrived in Vienna on Sunday afternoon.

In Iran, Saeed Matazerulmahdi, chief of the Tehran police, announced that police would provide security if Iranians wanted to celebrate.

In Washington, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said the nuclear agreement would be a “hard sell” for the administration and that the Senate likely would pass a resolution to disapprove it.

Sen. Bob Corker, R-Tenn., chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, said his main concern was that Iran would “cheat by inches,” avoiding any violations that would trigger renewed economic sanctions, but still progressing toward a nuclear weapon.