Congolese rebels give up control of city

GOMA, Congo – The rebels’ truck rounded the corner at breakneck speed and skidded onto the wrong side of a pitted bush road, with several dozen fighters swaying on the back. Two weeks after seizing the eastern Congolese city of Goma, the M23 rebels were withdrawing Saturday, leaving behind an uneasy city.

They snaked along the road north, riding in looted government cars, trucks piled high with mattresses and a mini-bus stolen from the state television and radio agency. One M23 spokesman stood by his fancy SUV, which had broken down in the road, trying to make a call. Others trudged on foot, carrying boxes of ammunition and bundles of food and clothing on their heads.

M23 fighters, backed by neighboring Rwanda, caused a geopolitical crisis with their surprise capture of Goma nearly two weeks ago. They embarrassed Congolese President Joseph Kabila, whose troops gave up the city without a fight. They exposed Rwandan President Paul Kagame, whose persistent military interference in one of the world’s most troubled regions was widely condemned. And they triggered criticism of the U.N.’s peacekeeping mission, with Congolese complaining that the world body’s troops should have repelled the rebels – even as government forces retreated.

M23, accused of myriad human rights abuses, is the latest in a string of militias in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s troubled east with strong ethnic and military links to the Kagame government, always denied by Rwandan authorities. A recent U.N. report on the conflict offered strong evidence of Rwanda’s military support for the rebels.

Congo’s east has seen years of conflict, much of it linked to internecine struggles to control minerals and other wealth, with regional and ethnic tensions complicating the picture.

The rebels withdrew after intense regional and international pressure on M23 leaders, which culminated in a deal last weekend reached in Kampala, the capital of neighboring Uganda. Rwanda, accused of fueling conflict in the volatile and resource-rich area, appeared eager to demonstrate that it could get the rebels to pull out of Goma. In recent days, however, M23 officials repeatedly contradicted one another on whether they would leave.

Despite the withdrawal to a town north of Goma, one M23 commander told the Los Angeles Times that the rebels could retake the city any time if Kabila’s government failed to meet their demands, which include influential positions, improved infrastructure and moves to reduce corruption.

“Leaving Goma is not a problem. We will be just 20 kilometers away, so taking over Goma again is not a problem for us. We can return at any time,” said Seraphin Mirindi Murhula, the commander.

After rebels left, the mood in Goma was relief and trepidation. Many in Goma were hostile to the M23 rebels, perceived by some as a “foreign” force.

“We are so happy to see them go because we feel more comfortable now,” said Patrick Kanamule, 30, who was selling cellphones by the roadside. “But I saw there are some (rebels) who took off their military uniforms and they’re still here. We’re afraid about that because these are not good people.”

There was also uncertainty in the city about who was in administrative control after the M23 withdrawal.

“I have no idea who’s in charge,” said an official in customs, one of the key revenue-raising departments in Goma, which until Saturday was controlled by rebels.