In 1777: the Continental Congress in Philadelphia adopted the Stars and Stripes as the national flag.

In 1841: The first Canadian parliament opened in Kingston.

In 1846: A group of U.S. settlers in Sonoma proclaimed the Republic of California.

In 1940: German troops entered Paris during World War II.

In 1954: President Eisenhower signed an order adding the words “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance.

In 1967: The space probe Mariner 5 was launched from Cape Kennedy on a flight that took it past Venus.

In 1982: Argentine forces surrendered to British troops on the disputed Falkland Islands.