Moments in time

• On July 21, 1861, Confederate forces under P.T. Beauregard turn back Union General Irvin McDowell’s troops along Bull Run in Virginia. The inexperienced soldiers on both sides slugged it out in a chaotic battle that resulted in a humiliating retreat by the Yankees and signaled, for many, the true start of the Civil War.

• On July 23, 1903, the first two-cylinder Ford Model A is delivered to its owner, Dr. Ernst Pfenning of Chicago. The Model A was the affordable runabout that Henry Ford needed to begin marketing his company’s stock, and the following year the Ford Motor Company was incorporated.

• On July 24, 1956, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their final comedy show together at New York’s Copacabana Club. They made their first appearance in 1946 at a club in Atlantic City, N.J. – performing an act in which screwball Lewis constantly interrupted straight man Martin’s singing – and were an instant hit.

• On July 18, 1984, James Oliver Huberty opens fire in a crowded McDonald’s restaurant in San Ysidro, Calif., killing 21 people and wounding 15 others with several automatic weapons. He was killed by a SWAT sharpshooter.