Accord expands habitat coverage
U.N. conference sets goals for land, oceans

TOKYO – Representatives to a U.N. conference on biodiversity agreed early today to expand protected areas on land and at sea in the hopes of slowing the rate of extinction of the world’s animals and plants and preventing further damage to its ecosystems.
After marathon negotiations that stretched hours past the designated time, delegates also managed to overcome divisions between rich and poor countries to agree to share access to and the benefits of genetic resources such as plants whose extracts have been developed into medicines – a key sticking point that had threatened to doom the entire two-week meeting in Nagoya, southwest of Tokyo.
Delegates from 193 countries at the U.N. Convention on Biodiversity agreed to protect 17 percent of the world’s land areas and 10 percent of oceans by 2020. Those gains will be difficult to ensure, however, since there is no way to enforce these agreements, and many poor nations lack the funds to manage reserves properly.
Currently, 13 percent of the world’s land areas and less than 1 percent of marine areas are protected – which can range from natural parks or marine sanctuaries to areas where there is sustainable fishing or land use.
The series of agreements – which each required a consensus – squeaked through after hours of debate, relieving many delegates who feared the conference would suffer the kind of collapse that befell U.N. climate talks last year. Participants stood and cheered when it was announced that agreements had been reached in all areas.
“We are very glad for this, very happy with the outcome,” said Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Brazil’s secretary for biodiversity and forests. “We had some doubts, but in the end we were confident we would get results.”
Some developing countries balked at how to pay for larger protected areas, and delegates agreed to set up a fund from developed nations and other donors by the convention’s next meeting in India in 2012, Dias said. Eager to make the meeting a success, host Japan on Thursday offered $2 billion to help developing nations reach the goals set by the conference.
Environmental groups welcomed the agreement, but said many of the targets were not bold enough.