Complaints flow in China under new pollution law

BEIJING – People in China who want to take industries to task for fouling their surroundings have been rushing to file complaints and lawsuits this year in a test of legal reforms that toughen environmental penalties and make clear that many public-interest groups have the right to sue.

Environmental watchdogs said people have filed hundreds of complaints with local governments under the new law launched in January, taking advantage of requirements that authorities respond to environmental complaints or risk having the cases be bumped up to higher levels of government. State media reports said at least one complaint resulted in immediate action, when authorities in eastern Shandong province shut down the coal furnace of a rubber factory that had bothered neighbors.

Environmental groups also have filed six lawsuits that have been accepted by Chinese courts, compared with one allowed during the same period last year. The new cases deal with everything from deforestation to illegal dumping by chemical plants, according to Zhang Boju, executive director of the nonprofit group Friends of Nature, which wrote two of the lawsuits. With a $48,000 grant from Chinese e-commerce powerhouse Alibaba, Friends of Nature has set up a special fund to help other groups prepare their own lawsuits.

In a country where officials often act above the law while willfully ignoring whole swaths of regulations, many Chinese fed up with environmental neglect say the reforms appear to be making a difference. Still, experts said, their success will depend on the continued receptiveness of the courts and local officials under pressure to curb the country’s notorious pollution problems.

“The law brought predictability to the process, where before there was no certainty about what we could do,” Zhang said. “We plan to do more cases and we’re helping other environmental groups do that as well.”

During the past three decades, Chinese leaders have prioritized economic development over environmental protections – and watched China’s skies fill with toxic haze while an estimated 55 percent of its groundwater became unsafe for human use.

During China’s annual legislative sessions, which end today, China’s new environment minister, Chen Lijing, has said the government is committed to making full use of the reforms, and will commit itself to putting into effect environmental protections and inspections.

“A new law can’t become a paper tiger,” Chen said March 7 in Beijing. “We want to let it become a weapon with steel teeth.”

Among its provisions, the revised law specifies what kind of social organizations can file environmental lawsuits, with requirements including at least five years of experience in environmental public interest activities and registration with the government. About 700 groups qualify under the law, according to a report by the All-China Environment Federation, a quasi-governmental coalition that has filed two lawsuits this year.

The law allows authorities to impose fines for each day violations occur, rather than one-time fines, and requires officials to encourage “self-governing grass-roots organizations,” volunteers and others to help publicize and enforce environmental laws.

Despite the new tools, the reforms don’t address a central contradiction in China’s largely state-controlled economy: that the governments being asked to punish polluters are often the same ones that own the companies doing the polluting, said Benjamin van Rooij, a professor of U.S.-China business and law at the University of California at Irvine.

“The laws are not going to be a force to push for a green agenda or to even deal with the widespread violation of laws that still exist,” Van Rooij said. “So for me, you need more than a change in law. You need political change.”