Germanwings co-pilot tested descents hours before crash

PARIS – A co-pilot who purposely crashed a Germanwings A320 plane into the French Alps appeared to have rehearsed sending the jet into a deadly descent on another flight just two hours earlier, investigators said Wednesday.

Authorities are still puzzled over why Andreas Lubitz, who had suffered from suicidal tendencies and depression in the past, locked the captain out of the cockpit on March 24 and sent Flight 9525 from Barcelona to Duesseldorf straight into a mountain, killing all 150 people on board.

The revelation about the earlier flight that day from Duesseldorf to Barcelona appeared to support the theory that the Germanwings crash was not only deliberate but premeditated. It came in a 30-page interim report from the French accident investigation agency BEA.

Lubitz seemed to be toying with the airplane’s settings on the flight into Barcelona, programming it for a sharp descent multiple times in a 4 1/2-minute period while the pilot was out of the cockpit before resetting the controls, the report said. Unlike the later flight, he did not lock the pilot out of the cockpit.

On the flight to Barcelona, the plane’s “selected altitude” changed repeatedly and several times was set as low as 100 feet above sea level. The report says Lubitz also put the engines on idle, which gives the plane the ability to quickly descend.

On the return flight to Germany, Lubitz also set a 100-foot altitude before the plane crashed into the Alps.

Aviation experts say it would be highly unusual for a pilot to repeatedly set a plane for such a low altitude for no apparent reason. But the report said Lubitz did so while air traffic controllers were asking him to bring the airplane down gradually from 35,000 feet to 21,000 feet for its descent to Barcelona.

A BEA chart showed the plane didn’t actually descend sharply while Lubitz was repeatedly adjusting the settings, so the passengers and crew might not have noticed any change.

“The captain didn’t realize at all, because the co-pilot’s tests during the outgoing flight took place during a normal, preprogrammed descent and it never had an impact on the plane’s trajectory,” said Remi Jouty, the director of BEA.

Aviation experts said the BEA findings were clearly unusual.

Lubitz changed the setting in the “altitude select” window, although the airplane didn’t move in response to the inputs, said aviation safety expert John Cox, president of Safety Operating Systems.

“It’s clear that it’s a very unusual act,” Cox said. “I’ve never seen it done, and it is the same methodology he used to fly the airplane into the ground. Was he practicing? I think that certainly is a possibility.”

“He was practicing to see how the airplane behaved,” said John Goglia, an aviation safety expert and former member of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board.

Markus Wahl, spokesman of German pilots’ association, said Lubitz could only have done this when the other pilot was out of the cockpit.

“If there had been a pilot sitting next to him, of course he would have noticed that. Modern aircraft are built to be flown by two pilots, and one of the reasons for that is that one can watch the other,” Wahl said.

The BEA report didn’t analyze why Lubitz repeatedly tried to descend the plane going into Barcelona. But the agency said it was continuing to look at “systemic failings that may have led to this accident or similar events.”

The BEA investigators said they are focusing on “the current balance between medical confidentiality and flight safety” – a reference to whether German rules on medical patient privacy may have prevented Lufthansa from being fully aware of Lubitz’ mental health issues.

The agency is also looking at “compromises” made on security following the Sept. 11 attacks in the U.S., notably on cockpit door locking systems meant to protect pilots from terrorists. Since the Germanwings crash, several airlines have imposed rules requiring two people in the cockpit at all times.

It remains unclear why Lubitz would have wanted to crash the plane. German authorities say he researched suicide methods and cockpit door security online in the week before the crash.