Budget woes have states eyeing prison reforms

NEW YORK – Their budgets in crisis, governors, legislators and prison officials across the nation are making or considering policy changes that will likely remove tens of thousands of offenders from prisons and parole supervision.

Collectively, the pending and proposed initiatives could add up to one of the biggest shifts ever in corrections policy, putting into place cost-saving reforms that have struggled to win political support in the tough-on-crime climate of recent decades.

“Prior to this fiscal crisis, legislators could tinker around the edges – but we’re now well past the tinkering stage,” said Marc Mauer, executive director of the Sentencing Project, which advocates alternatives to incarceration.

In California, faced with a projected $42 billion deficit and prison overcrowding that has triggered a federal lawsuit, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger wants to eliminate parole for all offenders not convicted of violent or sex-related crimes, reducing the parole population by about 70,000. He also wants to divert more petty criminals to county jails and grant early release to more inmates – steps that could trim the prison population by 15,000 over the next 18 months.

In Kentucky, where the inmate population had been soaring, even some murderers and other violent offenders are benefiting from a temporary cost-saving program that has granted early release to nearly 2,000 inmates.

Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine is proposing early release of about 1,000 inmates. New York Gov. David Paterson wants early release for 1,600 inmates as well as an overhaul of the so-called Rockefeller Drug Laws that impose lengthy mandatory sentences on many nonviolent drug offenders.

“These laws have neither curbed drug use nor enhanced public safety,” said Donna Lieberman of the New York Civil Liberties Union. “Instead, they have ruined thousands of lives and annually wasted millions of tax dollars in prison costs.”

Policymakers in Michigan, one of four states that spend more money on prisons than higher education, are awaiting a report later this month from the Council of State Governments’ Justice Center on ways to trim fast-rising corrections costs, likely including sentencing and parole modifications.

“There’s a new openness to taking a look,” said state Sen. Alan Cropsey, a Republican who in the past has questioned some prison-reform proposals.

Even before the recent financial meltdown, policymakers in most states were wrestling with ways to contain corrections costs. The Pew Center’s Public Safety Performance Project has projected that state and federal prison populations – under current policies – will grow by more than 190,000 by 2011, to about 1.7 million, at a cost to the states of $27.5 billion.

“Prisons are becoming less and less of a sacred cow,” said Adam Gelb, the Pew project’s director. “The budget crisis is giving leaders on both sides of the aisle political cover they need to tackle issues that would be too tough to tackle when budgets are flush.”

In contrast to past economic downturns, Gelb said, states now have better data on how to effectively supervise nonviolent offenders in their communities so prison populations can be reduced without increasing the threat to public safety.

Safety remains a potent factor. In California, for example, the state correctional officers union contends Schwarzenegger’s proposals will fuel more crime.

Thomas Sneddon, a former Santa Barbara, Calif., prosecutor who is now executive director of the National District Attorneys Association, said he and his colleagues support reappraisals of corrections policies yet worry constantly that dangerous criminals will be released unwisely.

“I don’t think the public at large has any idea of who’s in these prisons,” Sneddon said. “If they went and visited, they’d say ‘My God, don’t let any of these people out.’ ”